Principle of Steel Electric Arc Furnace

Steel electric arc furnace are mainly used to smelt alloy steels, especially those containing more easily oxidizable elements.

This steelmaking method uses electricity to generate high temperatures, which can be used for precise atmosphere control. It can melt certain steels in an oxidizing atmosphere as well as in a reducing atmosphere.

In addition, electric arc furnace steelmaking can also perform desulfurization, dephosphorization and other operations, which is also useful for the production of low-carbon steel or other steels with special properties.

Principle of Steel Electric Arc Furnace

1) The principle of the EAE steelmaking furnace is to input electricity into the electric arc furnaces through graphite electrodes, and use the arc generated between the electrode end and the charge to generate high temperature for steelmaking.

2) The EAF furnace uses electricity as a heat source, can adjust the atmosphere in the furnace, and has a high efficiency for smelting scrap metals or metal ores containing easily oxidizable elements.

3) The smelting process of the industrial electric arc furnaces is divided into the melting period, oxidation period and reduction period. Both oxidizing atmosphere and reducing atmosphere can be formed in the furnace. This process doesn't change the chemical properties of the molten metal.

Characteristics of Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking

1) EAF is a steelmaking method that uses the thermal effect of electric arc to heat the charge for melting.

2) Alternating current is input into the furnace through three graphite electrodes, and an arc is generated between the lower end of the electrode and the metal material. The high temperature of the arc is used to directly heat the charge, so that the steelmaking process can be carried out.

3) Electric arc furnace steelmaking uses scrap steel as the main raw material. According to the different materials of the furnace lining and slag making, there are alkaline method and acidic method. The most commonly used is the alkaline method.

The steelmaking electric furnace uses electric energy as the heat source, avoiding the pollution of steel by sulfur contained in the gas heat source;

4) The operation process of the smelting furnace is flexible, and both the slag and the furnace gas can be adjusted to oxidizing or reducing;

Strong reducing property can make the precious elements chromium, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, etc. contained in the charge have very little burning loss;

5) The furnace temperature of the electric furnace is high and easy to control;

6) The steel products smelted in the steel electric arc furnace are of high quality.